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Number

42

42 — The Answer to Life, the Universe, and Everything

42 is a composite number, even, a calendar year.

In Douglas Adams' The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy, 42 is the answer computed by the supercomputer Deep Thought to the Ultimate Question of Life, the Universe, and Everything.

Mathematically, 42 is a sphenic number (the product of three distinct primes: 2 × 3 × 7), a pronic number, an abundant number, and the third primary pseudoperfect number. In 2019, mathematicians at the University of Bristol and MIT found a representation of 42 as a sum of three cubes:

\(42 = (-80\,538\,738\,812\,075\,974)^3 + 80\,435\,758\,145\,817\,515^3 + 12\,602\,123\,297\,335\,631^3\)

It was the last number under 100 for which such a representation was unknown.

Sources https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/42_(number) · https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sums_of_three_cubes
Abundant Number Arithmetic Number Cake Number Catalan Number Cube-Free Curated Harshad / Niven Highly Abundant Literature Moran Number Odious Number Partition Number Pernicious Number Pop Culture Practical Number Pronic / Oblong Recamán's Sequence Self Number Semiperfect Number Sphenic Number Squarefree

Historical context — 42 AD

Calendar year

AD 42 (XLII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar.

Excerpt from Wikipedia (en) ↗ · Licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 · English fallback Read the full article on Wikipedia →

Notable events — 42 BC

  1. Oct 23 Octavian and Antony defeat Brutus and Cassius at Philippi.

Events compiled from Wikipedia ↗ · Licensed CC BY-SA 4.0

Year facts

Year type
Common year
Standard 365-day year; not divisible by 4 (or divisible by 100 but not 400).
Days in year
365
ISO weeks
52
Started on
Wednesday
January 1, 42
Ended on
Wednesday
December 31, 42
Friday the 13ths
1
One Friday the 13th this year.
Decade
40s
40–49
Century
1st century
1–100
Millennium
1st millennium
1–1000
Years ago
1,984
1984 years before 2026.

In other calendars

Hebrew
3802 / 3803 AM
Rosh Hashanah falls in September/October.
Chinese
Year of the zodiac:Water zodiac:Tiger
Sexagenary cycle position 39 of 60. Lunar new year falls in late January / mid-February.
Buddhist Era
585 BE
Counted from the parinirvana of the Buddha (Theravada / Thai / Sri Lankan convention).
Ethiopian
34 / 35 ET
Year boundary at Enkutatash (September 11/12).
Indian National (Saka)
-36 / -37 Saka
Indian national calendar; year starts in March.

Cultural significance

Pop culture slang

The Answer to the Ultimate Question of Life, the Universe, and Everything.

Douglas Adams, The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy.

Wikipedia ↗

Sourced from Wikipedia (Numerology, Chinese numerology, Gematria, and per-culture articles).

Properties

Parity
Even
Digit count
2
Digit sum
6
Digit product
8
Digital root
6
Palindrome
No
Bit width
6 bits
Reversed
24
Recamán's sequence
a(20) = 42
Square (n²)
1,764
Cube (n³)
74,088
Divisor count
8
σ(n) — sum of divisors
96
φ(n) — Euler's totient
12
Sum of prime factors
12

Primality

Prime factorization: 2 × 3 × 7

Nearest primes: 41 (−1) · 43 (+1)

Divisors & multiples

All divisors (8)
1 · 2 · 3 · 6 · 7 · 14 · 21 (half) · 42
Aliquot sum (sum of proper divisors): 54
Factor pairs (a × b = 42)
1 × 42
2 × 21
3 × 14
6 × 7
First multiples
42 · 84 (double) · 126 · 168 · 210 · 252 · 294 · 336 · 378 · 420

Sums & aliquot sequence

As consecutive integers: 13 + 14 + 15 9 + 10 + 11 + 12 3 + 4 + … + 9
Aliquot sequence: 42 54 66 78 90 144 259 45 33 15 9 4 3 1 0 — terminates at zero

Continued fraction of √n

√42 = [6; (2, 12)]

Period length 2 — the block in parentheses repeats forever.

Representations

In words
forty-two
Ordinal
42nd
Roman numeral
XLII
Binary
101010
Octal
52
Hexadecimal
0x2A
Base64
Kg==
One's complement
213 (8-bit)
Scientific notation
4.2 × 10¹
In other bases
ternary (3) 1120
quaternary (4) 222
quinary (5) 132
senary (6) 110
septenary (7) 60
nonary (9) 46
undecimal (11) 39
duodecimal (12) 36
tridecimal (13) 33
tetradecimal (14) 30
pentadecimal (15) 2c
Palindromic in base 4

Historical numeral systems

Babylonian (base 60)
𒌋𒌋𒌋𒌋𒁹𒁹
Egyptian hieroglyphic
𓎆𓎆𓎆𓎆𓏺𓏺
Greek (Milesian)
μβʹ
Mayan (base 20)
𝋢·𝋢
Chinese
四十二
Chinese (financial)
肆拾貳
In other modern scripts
Eastern Arabic ٤٢ Devanagari ४२ Bengali ৪২ Tamil ௪௨ Thai ๔๒ Tibetan ༤༢ Khmer ៤២ Lao ໔໒ Burmese ၄၂

Digit at this position in famous constants

π — Pi (π)
Digit 42 = 6
e — Euler's number (e)
Digit 42 = 4
φ — Golden ratio (φ)
Digit 42 = 0
√2 — Pythagoras's (√2)
Digit 42 = 7
ln 2 — Natural log of 2
Digit 42 = 0
γ — Euler-Mascheroni (γ)
Digit 42 = 5

Also seen as

Goldbach decomposition

Goldbach's conjecture says every even integer greater than 2 is the sum of two primes. For 42, here are decompositions:

  • 5 + 37 = 42
  • 11 + 31 = 42
  • 13 + 29 = 42
  • 19 + 23 = 42
ASCII character

As an ASCII codepoint, 42 is *. Printable ASCII character *.

Hex color
#00002A
RGB(0, 0, 42)
IPv4 address

As an unsigned 32-bit integer, this is the IPv4 address 0.0.0.42.

Address
0.0.0.42
Class
reserved
IPv4-mapped IPv6
::ffff:0.0.0.42

Unspecified address (0.0.0.0/8) — "this network" placeholder.

Possible US bank routing number

This passes the ABA routing number checksum and matches the Federal Reserve numbering scheme.

Routing number
000000042
Federal Reserve
United States Government

Banks operate many routing numbers per state and division; an unmatched checksum-valid number can still be a real RTN at a smaller institution.

Musical pitch

Heard as a frequency, 42 Hz is closest to:

  • Concert pitch (A4 = 440 Hz): E1 (+33¢)
  • Scientific pitch (C4 = 256 Hz): F1 (-29¢)
Atomic number

On the periodic table, atomic number 42 is Molybdenum (Mo) — period 5.